The sewer system clogs over time. The reason for this may be operational garbage resulting from the deposition of grease particles on the walls of the pipeline, which create a conglomerate of sand and household waste. In other cases, the cause of clogging may be improper installation: non-compliance with the slope, incorrect choice of the diameter of the elements of the drainage system, the appearance of rust and the roughness of cast-iron pipes.
Appointment of a sewer audit
When eliminating the garbage jam that blocked the section, a revision of the sewer riser is used. Appointment of the device: to provide access to quickly remove clogging with the help of cables or steel wire, which allow you to break through the obstacle and clean the drains without disassembling the pipeline.
The element is a part of a pipe in the form of a tee, having an opening with a lockable lid, through which stuck debris is removed using various devices. The audit is installed inside or outside the house. If for some reason they forgot about the inspection hatch during the installation of the sewer, cleaning will require dismantling or damage to the pipeline, resulting in leaks and an unpleasant odor in the living room.
Installation Standards
Installation of the audit is provided for by SNiP 2.04.01-85. In panel houses, hatches are installed after 3 flights, in a five-story house their location in a vertical riser is limited to the first, third and fifth floors.
On horizontal sections, the elements are arranged at a distance of 8 or 10 m, as well as on bends and branches. Audits with a diameter of 50 mm are installed on clean production drains every 15 m, on household pipelines - after 12 m, on polluted industrial waters - with segments of 10 m. For elements with a diameter of 110 mm, under the same conditions, distances are accepted: 15, 20 and 12 m
Do not arrange inspection hatches in sewer pipes running under the ceiling of the corridor and in risers passing through public catering facilities.
Dimensions and material
The audit is selected from raw materials corresponding to the internal wiring. In the course of two types of products:
- Cast iron - have 4 bolts for attaching the hatch door, which can only be turned off with the help of keys.
- Plastic - with a lid mounted on a thread that is easy to open manually.
Polymer products are more popular. Unlike cast-iron pipes, they have a smooth inner surface, are easily mounted, are not subject to corrosion and are resistant to slightly alkaline and slightly acidic compounds. They are not afraid of temperature changes, the products are frost-resistant and do not need to be painted.
Pipes of polyvinyl chloride and polypropylene on one side have sockets with which they are easily connected to each other. To perform turns, connections, repairs and transitions from one section to another, fittings of various configurations are used. Each type of plastic has its own characteristics, which you need to know about in order to make the right choice.
Advantages and disadvantages of a revision from polyvinyl chloride
The polymer is made from ethylene and bound chlorine derived from salt. It has several advantages:
- long term of operation;
- a light weight;
- simple installation;
- resistance to sunlight and aggressive compounds.
Disadvantages of PVC products:
- high heat capacity of the material, providing quick cooling of drains;
- fragility appearing at 0 degrees;
- poisonous gas is released during combustion.
It is impossible to attach plastic products to metal pipes, since the polymer can hardly withstand mechanical influences, such as threads.
Advantages and disadvantages of polypropylene revision
The main advantages of products in elasticity, lightness and strength, smooth and non-oxidizable surfaces. Cons hide in high combustibility, destruction under ultraviolet radiation and significant expansion when exposed to high temperatures.
Revision with a diameter of 50 mm with a length of 115 mm are issued, are used in the installation of sewage sinks, sinks, bathtubs and showers. For bathrooms, tees with a section size of 110 mm with a length of 185 mm are used.
Mounting Features
It is recommended to install hatches on all pipes and risers, as this will help to instantly deal with clogging. The most fragile part of the structure is the end part. The mechanical pressure of the cable when removing the debris can damage the revision, as a result of which cracks appear, through which oily water oozes and accumulated gases pass.
The thickness of the element must be at least 2 mm. If the revision is installed in a channel or duct, a hatch is made opposite the tee for free access. On the external sewer network, manholes are arranged above the hatches. According to the rules of SNiP, the distance between them should be 10 m, and at an elevation of 3 to 5 m. The vertical installation of revisions is used on risers inside the house.
Installation is performed according to the algorithm:
- The rubber gasket is checked at the junction.
- The ends of the elements are cleaned of dirt.
- The smooth end is inserted into the socket to a depth of at least 10 mm.
- Risers are mounted at a distance of 20 mm from the wall and revisions at a height of 1 m above the floor.
- Wiring is performed with protrusions and branch sections, a pipeline with a diameter of 50 mm is located at a distance of 45 mm from the wall, with a cross section of 110 mm at a distance of 75 mm.
- Plumbing fixtures are installed.
In a private house in the drainage system, a revision in the sewage system is needed on all risers, turns and the external outlet in front of the well.
Exploitation
Clogs are formed from rags dropped into the toilet bowl, dumped contents of cat trays, sand and household waste.
To eliminate the cork, use the revision located upstream of the water. They open it and begin to clean it with the help of the rotational movement of the cable. During the event, you should ensure that it passes without the formation of loops. Rags are wound on the device and pulled out. In case of operational blockage, it is recommended to check several buckets of hot water into the sewer after checking. Water is fed directly into the hatch of the device, as it manages to cool along the way from the installed plumbing.
To carry out cleaning activities in an apartment building in the absence of residents from the lower floors, the revisions are mounted in the basement.
If during operation the problem areas where garbage is collected are identified, a new hatch is arranged: the sewer pipe is cut above the bell, the section is cleaned from irregularities, the bevel is removed and the audit is installed in the extension. For subsequent connection using a pipe.
In old houses, the bolts on the cast-iron doors of the hatches rust, so they are cut off with a grinder, after cleaning they are replaced with brass ones. If there are no bolts at hand, the cover is pulled with wire. The rubber gasket can be made from a car camera.
Sewer Audit Cost
Revision 50, made of gray pipes, costs 35 rubles.
The price of polypropylene revision for orange sewer pipes with a diameter of 110 mm "Polytek" - 138 rubles. It can withstand temperatures up to 80 degrees, with short-term discharge (1 minute) - up to 95 degrees. Has a two-petal connecting ring sealing joint and provides protection against leaks.
Revision of PVC 160 red color costs 673 rubles.
