Probably, every second urban resident dreams of leaving for the weekend outside the city, in nature, to clean and fresh air. Today, many towns and villages are not equipped with a central sewage system, which raises the question of acquiring a septic tank or arranging a cesspool.
SNiP and SanPin during the construction of a cesspool
In order not to be tortured later by inspections, you must follow all the rules and regulations that are regulated by 2 Construction Norms and Regulations and SanPin. Even in the process of drawing up a project for a house, you need to remember that not a single building on the site can be erected in any order.
The main document that you need to pay attention to first of all is SanPiN 42-128-4690-8 and SNiP 30-02-97.
Choose a place on the site
The initial and main stage in the planning of the site is to find a place where the drain pit will be located. It should be located in the lower part of the territory and the optimal distance from the habitable zone. Special services are involved in emptying these tanks, so it’s worth equipping the cesspool so that it has unhindered access for the truck.
It is also worth noting that any containers with sewage pose a threat to nature and people, therefore there are undeniable rules for the location of this element on the site, namely:
- The main condition is the distance from the well or well to the cesspool, it should not be less than 25 meters;
- According to SES standards, a residential building can be located no less than 12-15 meters from a tank with sewage;
- Also, do not install the pit closer than 2 meters to the fence of neighbors and 3 meters to the highway;
- Since over time the soil moisture will be much higher around the drainage pit, additional buildings (arbor, bathhouse, playground) will also be appropriate to carry 4-5 meters from it;
- The ecological purity of the grown products will allow us to maintain a distance of 10-13 meters.
Do not forget that for violations of the law there are certain fines, the amount of which depends on the gravity of the violation. For example, a building with a filtering bottom can be located on a site only if the volume of effluents per day is more than 1 cubic meter.
In addition to fines in the courts, you may be required to relocate or completely eliminate the dispute building. What are the main standards for the location of the drain pit on the site, their compliance will protect you from various problems, including the law.
What materials and when will suit us
The drainage tank, or simply a cesspool, is one of the oldest structures on the land. It is a dug hole in which the products of human life flow and partially destroy.
There are two types of drain pit:
- With no bottom or filtration. An example of this design is a standard rustic toilet. The main advantages of this building are the budget price, ease of construction and ease of maintenance. However, as in any subject, the village toilet has its drawbacks, namely: not comfort, a long period of waste disposal, unpleasant odor and the possibility of disturbing the ecological balance;
- With a bottom made of hard material. Such drain tanks have a sealed design, which allows them to be used for more sewage, to collect domestic and household wastewater.Construction is carried out using components such as reinforced concrete rings, masonry, wood, unnecessary tires or plastic.
Today, in many specialized stores there is the possibility of acquiring a special finished tank with a valve and hardened walls to equip a simple pit for draining sewage.
When choosing a material for a container, it must be remembered that prolonged contact with the natural environment after a while will begin to destroy the walls of the structure, so the most optimal option would be to choose a component that is resistant to aggressive effects.
The procedure for obtaining permits
The final and most important step that brings you closer to the construction of the drain pit is to obtain all the necessary permits. They are issued by local SES. Its cost is not high, about 200 rubles. The penalty for the construction of this design without permits is at least 500 rubles.
To get the treasured piece of paper, the above service needs to be provided with a plan diagram of the land plot on which the installation is planned. Only those projects that fully comply with all the rules and norms of SNiP are subject to approval.
But this is not all the pitfalls, soon after the approval of the paper project, your property can be visited by an inspector who will monitor and fix the correct location of the tank on the site.
The best option, in order to avoid common mistakes, is planning additional objects at the stage of creating the project and putting them on paper. This will allow you to approve the final plan and the site and buildings on it and identify errors. After all, it’s better to fix it on paper than to transfer existing buildings.
Installation Features
Well, the place, the material has been chosen and the coveted permission has been obtained. It's time to start the installation. Most often, a special technique is involved in the process, since digging a deep enough foundation pit by hand is difficult and takes a lot of time. The shape of the recess directly depends on the material chosen for the construction (a round foundation pit is suitable for automobile tires or rings, and a square pit for a wooden or plastic structure). The universal material is brick, it can be put both in a circle and in a square container.
At the bottom of a dug pit, a proportional amount of sand and gravel is poured, thus creating a natural filtration. Then, a container made of plastic is placed on the created pillow and the foundation pit is filled up.
In the case of installing a sealed septic tank, the bottom is poured with concrete, as in the construction of the foundation. The simplest and most common cesspool is a construction of concrete rings erected on top of each other. The seams between them are covered with a special compound.
In rare cases, you can now find a hole for draining from wood, but if you still decide on such a structure, you must additionally obtain permission from local government agencies, and pre-impregnate the wood itself with a special compound that extends its life. Such structures have a short service life and after 3-5 years require major repairs.
Proper operation or what is important to know
Subject to all the rules, special problems in operation should not arise. The main concern of the future owner will be the timely cleaning of the cesspool from accumulated effluents.
Over time, there may be a problem of siltation, an increase in unpleasant odor and contamination of the walls of the structure, which significantly reduces its dimensions and as a result of which it is necessary to call scavengers more often and spend extra money. This problem can be solved by acquiring special bacteria, they are poured (or poured) into the container according to the instructions and they themselves clean the tank, and you can enjoy nature without limiting yourself in comfort.
