After the acquisition of housing in rural areas, questions arise regarding the discharge of drains, since there are not always central sewer networks nearby. To solve the problem, a septic tank was invented, which purifies polluted effluents and dumps clarified water into the ground. There are several types of sedimentation tanks with different designs. Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. The device has special characteristics that are taken into account when drawing up a country ownership plan.
Actual requirements for the placement of a septic tank in a summer cottage
A great deal of attention is paid to the location of sewer facilities, since there are a number of documents stipulating the conditions that the structure must comply with:
- installation rules for a septic tank;
- sanitary standards governing the placement of the device near other buildings and structures (SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1200-03).
- SNiP, taking into account the characteristics of the soil.
These documents determine the location of the septic tank, taking into account the peculiarities of the territory, take into account the presence of natural sources, as well as nearby buildings and facilities.
The environment has an impact on human health, therefore, a sanitary protection zone is established around the treatment facilities. The construction of a septic tank without taking into account the characteristics of the soil in the future can lead to subsidence of the structure, a violation of tightness and contamination of the area.
The state does not allow uncontrolled development of the territory with facilities that threaten environmental safety. Therefore, a septic tank project with a location scheme is presented to the SES to obtain permission for its construction.
During construction, the main document to be guided by is SNiP 2.04.03-85. It sets out the basic requirements for the design and installation of external sewage systems and localized local treatment facilities. At the same time, the feasibility of the construction of new treatment devices from the point of view of sanitary assessment is taken into account. The design of a drainage system is inextricably linked with water supply projects.
Separate rules provide for the location of a septic tank to sources of drinking water:
- SNiP 2.04.01-85;
- SNiP 2.04.04-84.
They have a list of government agencies with which the conditions and place of discharge of clarified water are agreed, and indicates compliance with the requirements:
- sanitary and epidemiological;
- technical;
- water conservation.
SanNiP No. 2.1.5.980-00 regulates the distinction with protective and sanitary zones around water sources, No. 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1200-03 determines the distance from potentially dangerous sources of infection. The purpose of regulatory documents is to prevent possible pollution of surface water, which poses a threat to human life and health, since depressurization will contaminate drinking water and cause infectious diseases.
What objects are taken into account
Sanitary norms and rules determine the location of the treatment device, taking into account the following objects:
- a source of drinking water is placed at a minimum distance of 50 m, this is due to the need to protect aquifers;
- from a natural reservoir with running water is placed 30 m;
- from the river, a stream 10 m;
- 3 m from green spaces;
- the distance from the septic tank to the drinking water well is 20 m.
Such standards should ensure the safety of water intake and water quality from any source. Separately, the distance to the communications of the water supply system is indicated - 10 m.
The well and septic tank should be placed on the site at the maximum distance, but no closer than 20 m. This distance should protect the population from infection in the event of damage to the pipes.
What affects the depth of the location
Between the surface of the earth and underground water sources there is a filter layer. SNiP rules determine the location of VOCs from sources of drinking water, depending on the characteristics of the soil and the depth of the finishing cleaning layer. For this, the composition of the soil is determined by hydrogeological methods.
If the soil water lies deep and the connection between the earth layers and the aquifer is not traced, the septic tank is located at a distance of 20 m from the source. In the presence of sandy and sandy loamy soils, which have high filtering capabilities, the interval increases from 50 m to 80 m.
A high level of soil water (0.5 m) interferes with the laying of sewers and water supply, as there is a high probability of flooding. A distance of 1.5 m is also not the best option. The septic tank should be located above the groundwater level, but this choice is not always possible. Very often, a sewage treatment device is mounted near aquifers.
In order not to turn the device into a cesspool infecting the area, it is necessary, in addition to ensuring good sealing, to work on calculating the depth of the settler from an underground source.
How to position a septic tank with a small area of land
Since SNiP regulate the position of the treatment device depending on the water supply, the design of the water supply and sanitation system is carried out simultaneously. To decide where to place a septic tank and a well in a summer cottage, the terrain is taken into account. Correctly place the treatment device below the level of the artesian source, so that in the event of depressurization, sewer drains do not enter drinking water. The distance between the septic tank and the water supply in a private house according to the standards is 10 m.
The distance from the apartment building should not be too large, since the remoteness of the sewer increases the possibility of garbage jams. Therefore, every 10 m, inspection wells are provided with which it will be possible to clean clogged drains. If it is decided to place the sump at a distance of 15 m from the building, at least one well must be installed.
The distance from the house and green spaces should be at least 3 m, from the road - 10 m, from the neighbor's fence - 2 m.
They try to plan the installation on loose soil, as this will facilitate the digging of the pit. In addition, it is necessary to provide free access to the wells. In order for the sewage system to function year-round, it is necessary to lay sewage below the freezing level.
Material and legal liability for non-compliance with building codes and standards
The legislation of the Russian Federation provides for several types of punishments for violation of construction standards, depending on the nature of the deed and the gravity of the crime:
- civil law;
- disciplinary;
- administrative
- criminal.
Civil law liability implies punishment for deviating from the requirements of technical documentation for construction, which led to the rejection of indicators specified in the characteristics of the object (Article of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation 754). The contractor is obliged to guarantee the operation of the subject of the contract. He must answer for the shortcomings and identified defects, compensate for the real damage and lost profits.
In the event of disciplinary action, the person who violated the building standards must eliminate the identified defects, while the permission to work is suspended. This leads to paralysis of the defendant.
Administrative punishment is a public responsibility to the state. The penalty for enterprises is set at up to 300,000 thousand rubles, and for managers - up to 30,000 rubles.
Criminal liability for grievous bodily harm to citizens provides for up to 7 years in prison.
