The cesspool is the simplest sedimentation tank for sewage and sewage. He has one minus - he will have to periodically clean the pit so that it does not overflow. They are used in three ways: they invite a sewage machine, clean them with buckets or use a fecal pump for septic tanks and cesspools.
Purpose of pumps
Sewerage is a mixture of water and sewage that settles to the bottom of the sump and is present as suspended particles in the entire water volume. In this case, the bottom of the pit is gradually silted with a thick layer, which can only be pumped by the fecal pump.
Technical characteristics of the device are not only power and pressure. There is one parameter in them that other pump units do not have. This is an opportunity to pump liquids in which solid impurities are present. At the same time, for sewage pumps and cesspools, this parameter varies from 5 to 50 mm. This is important because untreated wastewater contains hair, organic matter in the form of food waste, small objects, sand and pebbles.
Installations are used not only for pumping drain pits, but also for draining basements, pumping sewage in pressure sewers, for draining suburban areas, emptying pools and other reservoirs.
Device and principle of operation
Sewer drains - an aggressive environment. Therefore, fecal pumps are made of stainless steel or cast iron. The main element of the device is the impeller, which distills the mud mass.
The pump itself is classified as centrifugal. The impeller mounted on the motor shaft rotates at high speed (up to 3000 rpm), discarding the pumped medium to the chamber walls. It is in this place that a lot of pressure is created from drains that must move somewhere. Otherwise, the pump chamber body will simply break. To do this, a hole is made at the side, connected to the nozzle. Through it and the pipe connected to it, the drains move further. Typically, this is a sewer system, an intermediate tank or disposal site.
In the middle of the impeller, on the contrary, a low pressure zone is formed. The inlet pipe is located here, through which dirty water is drawn into the alluvial installation.
To prevent large pieces and objects from getting into the device, a chopper is installed on the shaft in front of the impeller. These are knives that cut everything that falls under them.
Types of Fecal Pumps
The mud pump classification includes three varieties. They are not structurally different from each other. But each of them has its own characteristics:
- submersible;
- semi-submersible;
- superficial.
Submersible modification differs from the others in that such pumps are immersed directly in dirty water. They are installed on the bottom of the tank, pulling to the surface a hose or pipe connected to the outlet pipe. They are equipped with floats that automatically turn the device on or off. For example, if the float rises as much as possible, that is, the cesspool is filled, the pump is immediately turned on for pumping. As soon as the float has lowered, that is, the water level has decreased to the maximum, the pumping unit is turned off.
Features of submersible pumps:
- increased power;
- absolute tightness of the joints of nodes and parts;
- cooling of the electric motor is carried out by a liquid located in the cesspool, therefore its temperature should not exceed + 40 ° C;
- lower the unit into the hole on the cable, which is tied to the eye on the body;
- once every three months, the pump is lifted and cleaned with a chopper, which is often clogged with small particles.
The prices of submersible pumps for pumping out a cesspool are the most expensive, because such an assembly is assembled from materials that can withstand the loads of an aggressive environment, plus the connection of nodes requires complete sealing of the joints.
Semi-submersible models
Pumps are installed in drain pits without being completely immersed in dirty water. Below the level there is a discharge chamber in which the impeller is located; above the level there is a compartment with an electric motor. Therefore, the fan is mounted on the latter, which provides cooling of the device.
For the installation of semi-submersible pumps in a cesspool, a platform is constructed of a metal profile. This arrangement makes it possible to hear how the motor works. If the noise sound has changed, then the device itself is not working properly or under heavy load. You can quickly respond and prevent the failure of equipment.
Semi-submersible models are cheaper than submersible. The reason is the cheaper materials used in the assembly, and not the most stringent requirements for sealing joints and joints of nodes.
Surface mount
Pumps are installed near cesspools. They are not immersed in water, so the units are low-power. A hose is lowered into the pit itself, which comes with the device. Its length is 7 m.
Manufacturers offer conventional pumping units in which water is added to raise contaminated sewage. Another modification is self-priming pumps. To raise drains from the pit, they do not need additional filling with water. The rotation of the impeller in a sealed housing creates a vacuum, which draws fluid into the pump.
The convenience of using surface modifications is that they are always in sight. Any change in the operation of the unit can be tracked and respond quickly. Therefore, these fecal pumps operate longer than others.
Surface mud pumps can be installed where solids in sewage do not exceed 5 mm.
What criteria to choose
The classification of pumps for fecal pits includes several subsections. The first is domestic or industrial pumps. They differ from each other in power and pressure. In households, both characteristics are much lower.
If the task is to ensure the pumping of the cesspool on the summer cottage, when choosing a pump, the following criteria must be considered:
- power - for how long and how much wastewater the pump can pump;
- the pressure of the device - to what height the pumping unit can raise drains;
- fluid temperature;
- aggressiveness of the environment;
- material of which the unit is made;
- the presence / absence in the design of the grinder.
It is better to give preference to models with chopping knives. Given the volume of the pit, you need to choose the power of the unit.
How much do fecal pumps cost?
The range of prices is large, because this indicator depends on the technical characteristics and model. For example:
- brand GS400 (immersion) from the company Jemix with a productivity of 7.5 m³ / h, a lift height of 5 m and the ability to pass particles through it up to 35 mm costs 2000 rubles .;
- Espa Drainex 300M brand with a productivity of 34 m³ / h, with a lifting height of 7 m, which allows particles to pass up to 50 mm, stainless steel, costs 44,000 rubles.
Submersible, semi-submersible and surface pumps also differ in price component. The first are the most expensive.
