An independent installation of a sewer system in a country house is quite acceptable if you wisely make a project, select high-quality building materials and comply with the technology. If the building is just under construction, sewage is laid at the beginning of the construction simultaneously with other utilities. But even in a residential building, it is realistic to mount treatment lines.
Design work
For any construction and installation work, you will need to first create a project. First of all, draw up a wiring diagram of the internal sewage system. This will require:
- Drawing up a large-scale construction plan.
- Determining where the riser and fan pipe will be located, their sizes.
- Calculation of how many home plumbing devices will be installed, and the choice of places for them.
- A schematic sketch of the location of pipe segments from appliances to fitting elements (elbows, tees) and riser.
- The choice of the outlet point of the pipeline from the house.
- Calculation of the total length of all parts of the highway, the number of fittings.
During the construction of a new house or during a major overhaul, they try to bring drainage places as close as possible to each other. This method allows you to save on building materials. In two-story or multi-story cottages, sanitary facilities are located one above the other.
The easiest way to make a drainage system in frame buildings on screw piles or poles. If the foundation is tape, you will have to punch the slab to output the trunk.
The location of the external piping depends on which waste disposal method you choose. This can be a connection to a centralized sewage system of a settlement or the installation of an autonomous treatment device.
The choice of pipes for the highway of a private house
After completing design work, you will need to purchase building materials:
- To get rid of drains coming from the toilet room, pipes with a diameter of at least 100-120 mm are used, and the total length of the line should be more than 1 m.
- Under the "gray" drains from the bathroom and kitchen, pipes of polyvinyl chloride or polypropylene with a cross section of 50 mm are installed.
- All turning sections in the highway are created using elbows with an angle of 45 degrees. Due to this, the risk of clogging is almost zero.
The movement of wastewater in the pipeline is gravity flowing. All horizontal pipe sections with a cross section of 50 mm are laid with a slope of 3 cm per linear meter, and sections of the trunk with a diameter of 100 mm - 2 cm. Sealing gaskets are installed in the connecting nodes and treated with sealing silicone.
To create an external line, pipes with a section of 110 mm of red color are selected. So they are easier to find in the ground. They are made from durable polymers that withstand soil pressure. When purchasing pipes and fittings, it is necessary to check the presence of a sealing ring in the socket, as they are often lost.
Types of sewer systems
If it is not possible to connect to the central sewage system, installation of a local treatment plant will be required. In order for it to function without problems, the following criteria must be taken into account:
- site landscape;
- type of soil, freezing depth and level of soil sources;
- total number of plumbing fixtures;
- the number of residents of the house and guests;
- installation performance.
It is necessary to take into account the purpose of the house: for permanent residence, or for visiting on weekends and in the summer. Also an important factor is the price of the treatment plant and the installation of the entire sewage system in a private house.Effective deep cleaning modules are expensive, and it is not always advisable to install them for a small one-story house. You can choose the option easier and cheaper.
Cesspool
A foundation pit without walls with walls of brick, reinforced concrete rings, concrete or old automobile wheels is suitable for small private houses and cottages, where the average volume of drains per day is less than a cubic meter. At the same time, the liquid that enters the earth has time to undergo treatment with microorganisms living there and feeding on organics.
When the volume of effluents is more than a cubic meter, the liquid does not have time to clean up, which leads to soil contamination. This can lead to contamination of wells and other catchment areas within a radius of 50 m.
If subsurface sources flow close to the surface of the earth, a cesspool will not work. Its bottom should be at least a meter away from them.
The advantages of the installation include the fact that it is easy to build with your own hands, without involving special equipment. The cost of consumables is also low, it can be reduced to zero if you use old tires or unnecessary bricks.
The cesspool has many disadvantages:
- the need for systematic pumping of sewage;
- occurrence of sewer odor;
- siltation of the walls;
- risk of soil contamination.
Violation of the installation process leads to freezing or clogging of the pipeline.
By adding special bacteria to the cesspool, you can slightly reduce the sewer odor, as well as speed up the cleaning process.
Sealed container
Metal and polymer tanks are sold in stores. The price starts from 1500 rubles. You can install a home-made design of plastic pipes or concrete rings with a bottom. The main thing is that it be airtight.
Device Advantages:
- does not allow sewage to get into the soil;
- suitable for a site with highly located subsoil waters;
- easy to install thanks to its low weight.
Sewage must be regularly pumped out. One call for sewage equipment costs from 600 rubles. Waterproofing is necessary for a metal container, and it can also rust.
A variation of the design is a single chamber septic tank. It can be without a bottom with a filtration layer to discharge the purified liquid into the soil. It will be necessary to systematically add biological products to the tank, which can improve the quality of effluent clarification.
Two chamber overflow septic tank
It consists of two separate wells: one is sealed, equipped with a bottom, the second - without a bottom, but with a filter pad. Sewage through the pipeline goes to the first, where solid sewage settles, and lighter fats rise up. A partially clarified liquid remains in the middle. From the first well through an overflow pipe installed with a slight slope, water flows into the second, where it is cleaned, passing through a sand and gravel pillow.
Design advantages:
- high quality wastewater treatment;
- anticorrosive qualities;
- service life - up to half a century.
Installation can be done by yourself. The cost for manual installation is low: you can do the sum of 7-10 thousand rubles.
Over time, a critical volume of feces accumulates in the first tank. Cleansing requires a call of the sewer system approximately every six months. Biological products added to the first well will help reduce sewer “aromas”. The sand and gravel layer must be changed every five years.
Sewerage from two overflow wells for a country house is permissible if the location of subsoil water even in spring or after heavy rains will be at a depth of not less than a meter from the filter layer. Another requirement is that the soil must pass moisture well (sandstones and sandstones).If the area is solid clay, this option will not work.
Septic tank with biofilter
A biofilter is a camera with expanded clay. The principle of operation is as follows:
- The effluents are sent to the sump, where they are pre-treated, and then to the biofilter.
- The splitting and oxidation of organics is carried out using aerobic microorganisms.
- The purified liquid goes into drainage.
The advantage of structures in an increased degree of clarification, reducing the size of the site for post-treatment and non-volatility. Impurities are almost completely deposited and split, there remains water that is close to rain in purity. The disadvantages include the need to add biological products and periodic cleaning of the filter. Also, a septic tank, although rare, will have to be pumped out.
The price of a biofilter starts at 5,800 rubles, a complete set will cost at least 25,000 rubles (depending on the manufacturer).
Deep cleaning station
Septic tank is a container made of plastic with several cameras. The main difference is multistage purification using aerobic microorganisms. The liquid is cleaned by 98 percent: you can wash the car with water, water the lawns and flower beds, and even use it for a summer shower. Bacteria require oxygen to function. It is necessary to supply power to the design for the pump supplying air. Such installations do not require pumping and are easy to use.
Prices for high-tech septic tanks are high and depend on the manufacturer. A quality installation cannot cost less than 70,000 thousand.
Good options for autonomous stations are the different Topas and Deka models. The first price starts at 84,000 rubles, the most inexpensive model "BioDeca-3 C-600" is offered for 73700 rubles. If the house is very large, it is advisable to establish an integrated pumping station. Cost - from 380,000 rubles.
When conducting a sewage line in a private house, correctly perform the calculations, observe the installation process and do not save on building materials. Emergency situations during operation will require much greater costs.
