Drainage pumps have many configurations and are in demand in many industries, construction and agriculture. With their help, it will be possible to conduct a water supply and sewage system in suburban and private houses, as well as to pump water in the lower rooms and basements during flooding.
Purpose and scope
Drainage pumps are most in demand for domestic purposes, in construction and industry. In everyday life, they are used for pumping liquids from large tanks, providing water from wells and boreholes, for irrigating plantings in household plots.
In industry, they are used to regulate the level of water in ponds and ponds, they irrigate large areas, pump out waste, and also supply water to cool large production units.
In construction, they are in demand, because they clean foundation pits, control the level of sewage and sewage, and pump out underground (ground) water.
Types of pumps, principle of operation and device
Drainage pumps, depending on the method and place of installation, are divided into two varieties:
- submersible units;
- surface equipment.
The latter are installed on the surface of the earth near the place of water intake, a special suction pipe is installed at the bottom of the well’s tank. The float mechanism necessary for the proper functioning of the water system is mounted at a small height from the bottom, and it already automatically turns the system on or off, depending on the water level in the tank.
Surface pumps have their advantages and disadvantages. The main advantages include ease of use, maintenance and installation, as well as mobility. Only one of the disadvantages can be distinguished - the depth of absorption rarely exceeds 10-12 meters, provided that the depth of water in some places can be 30 and 50 meters.
If we talk about submersible analogues of surface pumps, then for work they must be immersed in a container with pumped liquid. As a rule, when used at home, it is installed directly on the bottom, using a special stand that prevents the ingress of silt, small algae, sand and other impurities. Through the filter, the fluid enters the housing, and the float sets the desired mode of operation.
Compared to surface equipment, submersibles are more powerful and productive, capable of pumping liquids even from great depths (powerful industrial units operate at a depth of 100-150 meters).
The principle of operation and device
The pump housing is made of metal or plastic, in which the working units are located, ensuring high performance of the device. An impeller with a spiral impeller is installed on the motor shaft, and the electric motor is located in a separate sealed metal case. The lower part is equipped with a special grille through which the suction fluid enters. The size of the holes is calculated according to the permissible diameters of solid impurities in the liquid with which the unit is able to work without loss of power and productivity.
Each model of the drainage pump is equipped with a float switch, which turns off the unit if the water level in the well, pit and other tanks is low. Also the task of this integral segment of the device is to protect the engine from overheating.
Criterias of choice
To use the drainage pump for domestic purposes, it is important to choose the right model, since low-power units will not be able to provide the necessary pressure in the water supply system, and excessively powerful ones will work “idle”, therefore, the parts will wear out and fail faster.
When choosing a drainage pump, you need to pay attention to working conditions, performance, power and other technical features of the selected model.
Characteristics of the pumped medium
Before buying a pump, you need to analyze what liquid it will have to pump out, with what level of pollution and temperature. Water should be relatively clean, without a high concentration of silt, sand, algae and stones.
Submersible pumps must be stable on the bottom. Therefore, pre-equipment is put in a tub or container of the appropriate size, on a special tiled base. Each model is designed to work in a specific environment.
According to the degree of pollution of the pumped water, all pumping drainage equipment is divided into the following groups:
- For clean liquids or slightly contaminated: the permissible diameter of solid particles should not exceed 5 mm.
- For water of moderate pollution: admissible size of solid impurities is 25 mm.
- For rain, melt or heavily contaminated water: the size of large particles can vary between 25-38 mm.
You need to pay attention not only to the size of the solid particles, but also to the chemical composition of the liquid and its temperature. Aggressive formulations can adversely affect equipment power and performance.
Materials used for manufacturing
The operational life of the drainage equipment directly depends on the quality of the materials used in the manufacture. Modern manufacturers most often use plastic or metal for the construction of the case.
In the first case, the cost of the pump will be more acceptable, which in most cases is a decisive factor when buying. But plastic cases are less resistant to mechanical and chemical influences than metal ones. The results of social surveys showed that plastic often cracked and deformed. In such cases, the pumps can no longer be repaired.
The best material for the manufacture of cases - stainless steel and cast iron, which are able to interact with almost all environments.
An equally important detail that you should pay attention to is the material from which the pump blades are made. They can be made from special innovative technical polymer or stainless steel. It is preferable to buy products made from the first material. Impurities present in the polymer make it resistant to mechanical stress and aggressive environments. The most significant drawback is that they are not repairable. Metal blades wear out faster and need to be replaced, so their cost is lower.
Type of circuit breaker
Most models of modern equipment are equipped with circuit breakers that trigger the mechanism when the water level rises to a predetermined level.
According to this principle, devices are:
- Float. The most durable, simple in design and budget segment of the device.
- Built-in electronic sensor. Has a sophisticated device and expensive.
Automatic shutdown of the pump prevents its “idle” operation, which threatens serious breakdowns and fast wear of parts.
Installation of a drainage pump
Before mounting the unit, you need to check the direction of rotation of its station. It is necessary to connect the equipment to electricity and measure the supply. After turning off the power, replace the phases and plug the pump back in. The final stage is to compare two digits, the option with a large value will be correct.
After rotation has been checked, it is necessary to put the device on a flat surface and connect it to the mains.
Most drainage pumps are designed to be upright. To ensure this, it is important to mount a stable lock on the handle of the float switch.
The depth / immersion device must be installed at the bottom of the tank, well, etc. Pre-equip the filter, which will prevent ingress of silt, sand and other contaminants into the body. A water station is best installed on metal leaves or bricks.
Popular models of drainage pumps
In the Russian market, the following models are in great demand among buyers:
- Wilo Drain T. M. 32 / 7−10 m - a small-sized submersible pump, which is designed to drain various containers. In an automated mode, it controls the water level, is protected from overheating. The maximum pressure from the crane will be 7 m, the performance, subject to all operating rules, reaches 10 cubic meters / hour. Manufacturer Germany.
- Karcher SDP 5000 is a high-performance equipment manufactured in Germany. For a short period of time it is able to pump large volumes of liquid, the permissible temperature is 35 degrees. Productivity reaches 5000l / h, the maximum head height is 8 m.
- The DN900 vortex was produced in Russia; it is a 900 W submersible pump and a throughput of 15.5 m3 / h. Designed to work with liquids, the size of large particles which are a maximum of 35 mm. The pressure reaches 8 m. Additionally, the equipment is equipped with an automatic shutdown mode and protection against overheating.
- Makita PF1010 is one of the few surface pumps that is in great demand. Manufactured in Japan, famous for its high performance and reliability. Designed for pumping contaminated water with solid impurities up to 35 mm in size. It is often used for irrigation of plantings in the country, pumping liquids from basements and other rooms. Performance in compliance with all rules of use reaches 14.4 m3 / hour, maximum immersion depth is not more than 5 m. Head reaches 10 m. Additionally, the model is equipped with an automatic shutdown function that prevents the likelihood of dry running when lowering the required water level.
The prices of submersible drainage pumps for dirty water vary widely, it depends on the configuration, configuration of the model and manufacturer. In Russia, the cost of budget models starts from 1.5-2 thousand rubles.
Drainage pumps are an indispensable item in the household. By purchasing it, you should not save, because equipment of dubious quality quickly fails, which requires additional costs.
