The owner of a city apartment does not solve problems with the waste stream, but this problem is on the priority list for a resident of a private house. And it will not be possible to live comfortably if there is no central sewage system, and it is necessary to drain the sewage somewhere. And merge correctly, taking care not only of personal convenience, but also about the ecology of the environment.
Preparatory work
It’s not enough just to build a drain pit - you need to do this, observing a number of generally accepted rules.
Calculate volume correctly. In the case of a pit without a bottom, i.e. self-cleaning, everything is simple - there is at least 100 liters per person. If the tank is closed, the calculation should be carried out according to a special formula, taking into account not only the number of residents, but also the cleaning time and the amount of water used per day.
Mark the correct location. The drain pit should be close to the road so that the scavenger machine can easily pump waste (but not closer than 2 meters), at least 5 meters from the doors and windows of buildings and at least 15 meters from the well or drinking well. If these recommendations are not followed, in the future you will be given many problems, starting with the unpleasant smell penetrating the house and ending with endless expenses for cleaning the tank. It is forbidden to place pits outside of your site.
It is not recommended to place the sump in the lowest point of the site - in the spring it can flood and the contents will spill throughout the territory. So that an unpleasant smell does not penetrate into the house - construct a pit from the leeward side
Detailed information is contained in a number of regulatory acts of the Russian Federation: this is the Law "On the Sanitary and Epidemiological Well-Being of the Population" No. 52-FZ of March 1999, the "Sanitary Rules for the Maintenance of Populated Areas" and the "Hygienic Requirements for the Protection of Groundwater from Pollution" approved by the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation on July 16, 2001. Violation of these standards entails both fines and criminal liability.
Temporary drain pit
A temporary pit can be built from used car tires. Advantages of this design:
- Used tires are easy to get - in any car service, at a motor vehicle enterprise and even at a flea market, and for mere pennies.
- To build such a hole for the strength of one person.
- No need to use additional equipment and tools.
- The material is not susceptible to corrosion, therefore, it serves as a drain pit for more than 10 years.
But there are significant disadvantages.
- In severe frosts, rubber drains freeze and interfere with the full discharge of sewage.
- A tire pit is not suitable for a large family - maximum 3 people.
- It is difficult to seal the joints between the tires, therefore, over time, sewage begins to seep out.
It is advisable to arrange such a design on well-drained light soil (on heavy moisture it will stagnate), with a volume of waste fluid not more than 1 meter cubic per day.
Wood pit
A wood drain pit is constructed in the form of downed boards in the form of formwork.
Pros:
- Wood costs significantly less than concrete rings and plastic containers.
- The work does not take much time, can be completed in one day and does not require special skills.
- Soil is well protected from pollution by sewage.
But do not forget that the tree begins to rot over time, especially under the influence of moisture. Therefore, the processing of boards with special protective mixtures and compositions should be mandatory (however, and at the same time, the service life of such a design does not exceed ten years).And its volume is small - the height is not more than one and a half meters, the length of the side is not more than a meter. Therefore, a wooden cesspool can be used as a temporary option, for example, in a summer cottage and until then, until you can build a pit of more durable metals.
The top overlap of the pit should be higher than the ground level - this will reduce the risk of rainwater entering the pit and filling it ahead of time.
Brick cesspool
Brick masonry is suitable for creating structures of any configuration and any size, it perfectly keeps sewage and is durable. He is not afraid of groundwater and swelling of the soil during the freezing of the latter in winter. A brick cesspool can be arranged on any soil: both heavy clay and light sand. It is not necessary to buy new bricks - those that were used earlier are also suitable.
It is more convenient to make a hole in the form of a cylinder or a cube, with a depth of not more than 3 meters. Use the construction level to make the walls smooth, but it’s better to give the bottom a slight slope - the liquid will accumulate in the corner and it will be easier to pump out waste in the future.
An excavator can be ordered for digging a pit, but you can also handle it manually by digging the soil with a bayonet shovel, and lifting the soil to the surface in a bucket on a rope.
Concrete drainage pit
A concrete pit is the most durable of all: it is able to serve a person for more than a dozen years. The chemical resistance of concrete allows it to withstand fermentation and decay, and water resistance ensures the absence of pollution of groundwater and soil. Another plus - concrete can be used regardless of the groundwater level and geological features of the soil.
The disadvantages include the obligatory use of special equipment (for example, a truck crane), a big waste of energy and dirt during operation.
When buying rings, choose elements with the same inner diameter. This will allow you to assemble the structure with maximum tightness. Use waterproofing materials (cement mortar, rubber pads) and metal staples.
Conclusion
When constructing a cesspool on your site, have a clear plan and financial cost estimate on hand: if you want the design to serve you for many years, do not save on materials. Do not fuss, be careful and reasonable: if you feel that you are not confident in your abilities - attract experienced people to work. Observing the basic rules for arranging a drain pit, you will be able to achieve the desired result and not engage in further modifications and alterations.
