The laying of a gas pipeline is one of the measures that licensed organizations must carry out. The owner of the real estate can only collect the necessary package of documents for obtaining permission, purchase the necessary material and equipment. In order to save money, individual preparatory work is allowed. To avoid difficulties with the implementation of these measures, you should familiarize yourself with the rules in force with respect to the construction of pipelines and the types of their structures.
Varieties of the gas pipeline
When designing, the main criterion is the pressure in the system. Based on the indicator of its level, a decision is made on the choice of material for the manufacture of the highway and the option of its location relative to the ground.
So, gas systems are divided into such types according to internal pressure.
- low - up to 0.05 kgf / cm²;
- average - up to 3 kgf / cm²;
- high - up to 5 kgf / cm².
All categories are equally suitable for approaching the house, but in one case a compressor may be needed, and in the other a step-down device.
The location of the lines can be open and closed. In the first case, they are available for inspection along its entire length. In the second case, communications are hidden. At the same time, the depth of the gas pipeline is chosen so that it is not likely to be damaged by the pressure of vehicles traveling on the surface. Quite often there is a combined method, when an underground gas pipeline rises to the surface to cross a road or reservoir.
There are such laying methods:
- Underground. A trench is excavated where the depth of gas, depending on the type of soil, is 100-200 cm. To create additional protection against pressure, the laying of underground gas pipelines is accompanied by the use of an external shell. This method is expensive, but allows you to protect communications from temperature extremes and third-party exposure.
- Air. Laying is carried out on steel poles with a height of not less than a meter, and above roads - at least 5 meters. This option is 50-60% cheaper than the previous one, but the pipeline will be affected by the environment with a significant risk of damage or illegal tapping.
In each case, the final decision rests with the gas company.
Main components
Even the domestic gas supply system has a rather complex device.
The structure of the standard design includes such elements:
- distribution station fenced;
- line from the industrial highway to the house;
- pointers and warning signs;
- shutoff valves;
- control devices;
- protective structures;
- compressor;
- sleeve for a gas pipe through the wall;
- counter;
- internal gas pipeline in a private house (riser, wiring, taps);
- final consumers (stoves, columns, boilers, fireplaces).
The supply of the land line to the house and the passage of the gas pipe through the wall is the prerogative of gas workers. Internal wiring is the responsibility of the property owner.
Requirements for laying a gas pipeline to a private house
Gas pipelines are facilities with a high level of potential danger. Their design and installation are subject to special requirements:
- free access to all connecting nodes;
- lack of flammable structures near communications and equipment;
- only vertical and horizontal pipe layout;
- installation of the riser only in auxiliary rooms or along the external wall;
- the gas pipeline laying depth is below the level of soil freezing;
- the presence of natural or forced ventilation in the rooms where the meter and gas consumers are located.
- the presence of a lockable steel cabinet for the meter located on the facade of the building.
Compliance with these rules is a prerequisite for the commissioning of the gas pipeline.
Arrangement methods
To draw a line to the house, various installation methods are used, each of which has its pros and cons.
The above-ground method allows you to significantly save on digging a ditch and, without any particular complications, solve the problem of passage of a route through sections of neighbors. At the same time, the highway is vulnerable to the forces of nature and the human factor. There are no guarantees that the pipeline will not be damaged by vandals or a neighbor will not crash into it.
The underground option completely eliminates the possibility of outside interference from third parties. When planning, it should be borne in mind that the minimum distance from other communications should be 80 cm. In addition, you should pay attention to the composition of the soil at the construction site. If it contains a high content of corrosive elements, they will quickly lead to the destruction of the metal.
Laying through the wall is carried out only using a sleeve. At the same time, its cross-section should ensure the free movement of the pipe inside with thermal expansion and shrinkage of the building.
Pipe selection
The traditional material for the manufacture of gas pipelines is black iron. The metal is durable, flexible and resistant to temperature extremes. To destroy the highway, you need special tools, strength and time. However, steel is susceptible to corrosion and, in the absence of constant maintenance, rusts. Gradually, gas facilities abandon this option, moving to new, more efficient materials.
Polyethylene pipes provide gas pumping no worse than iron counterparts. The restrictions apply only to the laying method - such communications are laid only underground. The material is corrosion resistant, does not require additional care, there is no risk of fire from electric induction. Smooth inner walls provide excellent throughput.
Polypropylene pipelines have proved to be no less good. The polymer has an affordable cost, resistant to aggressive substances. The ease of assembly of the trunk is also noteworthy - polypropylene is easily cut, sawn and welded by household appliances. The flexibility of the material allows you to make turns and contours without using fittings. The only limitation is laying only underground.
Technology and assembly rules
The gas pipeline assembly technology is regulated by the building rules of SP 42-103-2003. A general requirement is compliance with the temperature regime, which should be in the range from -15 to +30 degrees. Docking is carried out by welding or flange joints. Do not use any type of oil or grease.
After the assembly is completed, pressure testing is mandatory, the purpose of which is to check the system for leaks.
Construction is in the direction from the house to the highway. The insert is made after the audit of the gas pipeline.
