Lighting equipment is installed in each room. Inclusion and exclusion systems are constantly being improved. The range of electrical products was replenished with a device called a "motion sensor". A small mechanism using infrared radiation reacts to any movement in space along a given search radius. The device is used for different purposes. Installing the device together with the switch will save money, add comfort during normal operation. There are several basic methods for connecting a switch and a motion sensor.
The main functions and principle of operation of the motion sensor
The main task of the microcontroller connected to the switch and the lighting device is to switch the electric network (short / open). Any movement in the control zone starts the operation of the device. In addition, the device can be adjusted so that the light intensity is regulated by the intensity of movement - special controllers are used.
When the value is less than the set limit, the indicator closes the circuit and the lamp lights up. The detector works round the clock. The standard display threshold is from 3 to 2,000 lux.
Some devices can be set for specific hours of operation. For example, in the office there is no need to turn on the lights at night. Such indicators are more expensive, but save energy.
According to the principle of action, the sensors are distinguished:
- infrared - work on the basis of thermal radiation;
- ultrasonic - acts as an echo-sounding device - sound waves, reflected from moving objects, change length, which serves as a signal for switching;
- microwave - similar in type of action to ultrasonic, but more sensitive, "detect" the object, even if it is not in the line of sight;
- laser - consist of a receiver and a radiator, the signal is sent between devices, if it is interrupted by a moving object - the lamp turns on;
- combined (based on the name - combine the functions of several types of devices).
The motion sensor connection diagram is quite simple. You can install the device yourself, without involving electricians. To exclude errors and unpleasant situations, you should familiarize yourself with the basic methods of inserting the mechanism, types of devices in advance.
Specifications
In addition to the type of motion sensor, it is important to take into account its technical parameters: capture angle, range, lamp power, installation method, additional features. For models with a wireless connection, the range of the feed beam and the type of battery are taken into account.
The displacement indicator for switching the electric network has a certain range of view relative to the horizon. If you can enter the territory from different sides, use devices with a radius of 180 to 360 °. 180 ° is enough for wall mounted ones, 360 ° is better on a pole. For smaller rooms, indicators with a smaller angle are suitable. The cost of wide-angle devices is much higher, it is better to be guided by the degree of necessity.
The range of action is selected based on the dimensions of the room. The price is fundamentally different, so it is important to know exactly the length of the room or corridor when buying.It is important to leave a small margin (about 0.5 meters), but you should not overdo it - frequent incorrect signals are possible.
Motion sensors are installed in street and home conditions. In addition, the detectors are distinguished by the installation method:
- case products are fixed on supports, which are fixed on the surface (wall, pole, ceiling);
- hidden models are almost invisible.
If the indoor detector is needed solely for convenience, use the first type - with the same data, the cost will be lower. The second set in security systems. The size of such devices is smaller, but the price is much higher.
Additional features
Certain indicator models are used with great comfort due to the presence of additional functions. Mechanisms are more expensive, selected as necessary.
- Indicator of external natural light - the indicator is triggered by movement, but during the day there is no need for additional artificial lighting, so they put a limiter - a separate photo relay element or a finished product with an integrated device;
- Animal recognition - this option is suitable if there are small animals in the house or on the street: cats, dogs, chickens, others. However, animals of large breeds will still be marked and "give" a signal to turn on.
- Timer for turning off the light in the absence of movement after leaving the control zone.
The most useful are DDs with animal recognition and a timer. According to user reviews, devices with built-in options are really easy to use.
Motion Sensor Installation
First, determine the method of connecting an additional cable to the switch (external, internal). Before direct connection, remove the external housing cover - at the location of the latch, pry the panel with a slotted screwdriver. You can insert a wire into the device in two ways:
- rear - the option is suitable for wiring laid inside the wall;
- side - suitable for an external electrical network.
The temporary plug is removed. Proceed to connecting the wires. Microcontacts are separated by letter designations. Usually the symbols L, N and L1 are used - it depends on the manufacturer and indicator configuration.
The next step is fixing the sensor to the ceiling. The fixing method is selected based on the surface material and the detector. In most cases, there are special holes on the back of the case.
General installation tips:
- It is not recommended to connect motion sensors with energy-saving bulbs. The service life of the latter with such an addition is significantly reduced.
- It is important to exclude trees and shrubs from the field of view of the detector. They can radiate a small amount of heat, which will be enough to activate the indicator;
- The sensor beam should be turned in the direction where the movement begins: at the front door, gate.
It is necessary to adjust the sensor to the required sensitivity level using the potentiometer service values. In classic devices, three rotary levers:
- delay period (Time);
- sensitivity (Meter);
- brightness (Lux).
The shutdown delay indicates the time after which the lamp turns off if there is no movement in the room. The brightness level - the intensity of the light when turned on in complete darkness - must be adjusted so as not to blind the eyes. First set to a minimum, during operation - to the desired level of comfort, as well as an indicator of sensitivity.
The final installation step is to test the work. To do this, use the Test mode of the Time indicator.
All work is carried out with a completely de-energized electrical circuit. Only at the stage of testing the system can you turn on the power supply.
About a minute after connecting the current, the device will initiate and activate. Functionality testing of the mechanism can be carried out without connecting lighting devices - you can navigate by a small LED on the case.
How to connect a motion sensor to a light bulb
There are several ways to connect a motion sensor. Each depends on the type of lamp used. Instructions for installing the detector in the holes for spotlights:
- completely disconnect the room;
- remove the protective panel of the detector;
- connect the conductors according to the diagram on the housing;
- bend the fixing springs up;
- install the mechanism in the prepared hole.
The final stages are general - adjustment of sensitivity, time, brightness and performance testing.
Detectors that attach to the cartridge are easier to install. First the indicator is screwed in, then the bulb. You can not take more powerful than specified in the technical passport to the motion sensor. On sale you can find special double lamps designed specifically for the tandem with detectors. Electricians recommend purchasing just such.
Connection for control without switch
A circuit without a switch is assembled from a motion sensor and a lighting device. It is the most simple and fast. The description is given in the documentation attached to the detector and on the instrument case.
For long rooms, one device may not be enough - a small radius of action. The required number of mechanisms are connected in parallel through the same microcontacts, then lead to the lamp.
Connection to a bulb with a switch
A switch is necessary if you need to turn off the automatic switching system of the electric circuit. The device is embedded in the area between the motion sensor and the power supply. The connection is made through the phase conductors of the input and output - thus, a bypass connection is created.
The switch is convenient to use in a room where you need to maintain lighting, but no movement occurs. It is enough to turn off the power supply to the sensor and the dump will burn for as long as necessary.
Choosing a connection point
For the correct operation of the device, you must adhere to certain rules:
- the absence of lighting devices in the immediate vicinity, except for devices specially designed for this;
- it is not allowed to be located near the heating technology: air conditioners, stoves, heat guns, similar.
With increasing placement height, the radius of action also increases. But at the same time, the sensitivity of the device is lost.
DIY light movement sensor
A motion sensor that works to search for thermal radiation from moving objects is the simplest and most frequently used device of this type. The advantages of the models are the availability of parts (in terms of price and availability), the absence of complex adjustments, a significant variation in temperature limits, and simple assembly.
A factory product can be purchased at the point of sale of electrical goods. The device is available for assembly at home - just familiarize yourself with the general principles of working with electricity, the circuit and the components:
- heat detector;
- photo relay;
- resistors (to set the reaction limit);
- timer, regulators.
Detector and photo relay - lighting control kit. Such a product only works after dark. You can install additional features as needed.
Possible problems and solutions
The corridor is the most commonly used place for mounting motion sensors in residential premises - the doors of most rooms exit here.Before installation, an apartment plan with wiring is drawn up to take into account the action space and the type of sensor. If one device is not enough, it is permissible to use a combination of several types of devices.
In order to independently embed an additional mechanism into the light switching circuit, general knowledge of electronics and safety requirements is sufficient - special skills and equipment are not required. The devices are accompanied by the necessary technical information and connection instructions. The main thing is to make the correct connection of the wires and contacts of the device.
A common problem is the insufficient range of one mechanism. To complete the task, it is necessary to install several devices on one site. The installation procedure for the devices is the same - the cables are connected in the direction of action: phase through the detector, zero for the second wire.
The main mistakes:
- The position of the device in the space of the room - it is necessary to follow the manufacturer's technical recommendations. For example, ceiling products cannot be fixed to the wall.
- The presence of blinds - special lens masks are installed in the device for correct settings, after testing they are removed, if this is not done, the detector will not be able to "catch" the movements.
- Incorrect connection to the circuit with the switch - the detector is cut in front of the light switch, in another position, the network will break and the device will become impossible.
It is necessary to take into account the recommendations enshrined in the technical documentation for the product, and also remember the general rules for installing motion indicators.
Connecting an additional detector will simplify some aspects of the use of the room, help save money. You can implement each of the advantages if you comply with the requirements for the selection of devices and configuration of circuit elements according to technical characteristics, selection of location and installation. Otherwise, the devices will not work correctly - false switching on, burnout of bulbs and network.
